How to Treat Water on Backpacking Trips
Hydration is not only essential; it is fun. Who would not want to crack open a cold beer, especially when you have been hiking in the wood for hours?
One of the most important things to consider when planning a backpacking trip is your water supply. We discussed the importance of staying hydrated, but we have yet to mention ways to utilize an untreated water source. In the backcountry, you have to make do with what’s available. There is no guarantee that the next water source is around the corner.
There are several ways to treat water to make it safe. The best method will depend on the availability of clean water sources, your equipment, and the length of your trip.
Why do You Need to Treat Water?
The answer is obvious, but it might not be entirely clear to backpacking beginners. We need to treat water because untreated water is nasty and dangerous to consume.
Untreated water can be a breeding ground for bacteria and other harmful microbes. While most of these bacteria are harmless, some can cause severe illness or even death. Filter systems remove these bacteria from water, making it safe to drink. In addition to bacteria, water can also contain other contaminants, such as chemicals or heavy metals. These contaminants can also be removed with filters, making filtered water a much healthier option than untreated water.
The problem is, not every water source is the same. Rivers and streams sourced from runoff or melting snow tend to be higher in impurities than groundwater. Groundwater is usually filtered through soil and rock, which can help to remove some impurities. There is no way for us to know where the water comes from by looking at it. Therefore, it is always good to treat the water you are about to drink, especially in streams and rivers.
Now, it is essential to know that filtering water does not eliminate all impurities. Commercial filters will get rid of bacteria and hazardous chemicals, but they will not remove viruses in the water. Viruses are so tiny that they seep through the filter materials. Therefore, always perform additional purification to ensure the safest drinking water. When in doubt, bring out the heat.
Five Practical Methods to Treat Water While Backpacking
Water filtering at home is easy, but water filtering while backpacking is a different story. When weight becomes a significant factor to consider, we cannot willy-nilly bring the best water filtration system with us because it is impractical. Yet, we also cannot use the smallest water filter we can find because being small equals not being effective.
Too small and it is not adequate; too big and it is heavy to carry. So what do we need?
Iodine Tablets
Iodine tablets are one of the simplest and most effective ways to purify water. Iodine is a chemical element that effectively kills bacteria and other microorganisms. When iodine is added to water, it creates what is known as a germicidal solution, which kills any bacteria or organisms present in the liquid.
Iodine tablets are easy to use and relatively inexpensive, making them a good option for short trips or treating large volumes of water at once. Iodine tablets typically come in two forms: crystals or powder. Iodine tablets should not be used by pregnant women or those with thyroid problems. Also, they can give water an unpleasant taste, so be prepared to drink weird (but safe) water.
The water should be filtered once for safety concerns before adding the iodine. Iodine does not remove rock and soil in water. To use iodine tablets, simply follow the instructions on the package. Be sure to let the water sit for at least 30 minutes before drinking, as shorter exposure may not be sufficient to purify the water. Iodine tablets are not effective against viruses. Always use multiple forms of purification to make sure you are drinking the safest water.
Chemical Purifiers
Chemical treatment is the direct upgrade to Iodine tablets. Similar to iodine tablets, chemical purification solutions contain other disinfecting agents like chlorine dioxide and phosphoric acid. You may be concerned about the potential health risks associated with using these chemicals. Rest assured, these chemicals have been tested and patented for human consumption. Both chlorine dioxide and phosphoric acid are used in food (in minimal amounts). If it does not put you at ease, there are chemical-free purifier solutions on the market containing natural mineral salts.
Please be advised that both iodine and chemical purifiers should not be used with muddy water. Murky water must be filtered before chemical treatment because it may contain sediment (small rocks and soil) and other hazardous materials.
Inline Filter
Inline water filters are devices that can be attached to the end of a water bottle or a hydration bladder. The filter removes contaminants from the water as it is being drawn from the hydration bladder, providing clean, safe drinking water. Inline filters are an excellent choice for those who want to purify water on the go without having to stop and set up a gravity system.
There are many inline on the market, and they vary in size, weight, and effectiveness. The most significant advantage of inline water filters is that they are easy to use and require no extra effort to treat water. Simply drink through the filter as you normally would with a straw or attach it to a water container. Inline filters are also relatively compact and can be easily stored in your backpack. The only downside is that inline filters can be expensive, and they need to be replaced often. Clogged impurities and bacteria can cause inline filters to malfunction. However, an inline filter can be a lifesaver for backpackers who frequently visit remote areas with questionable water quality.
Gravity System
Gravity systems are one of the most common water filtration methods used by seasoned backpackers. A gravity system typically consists of two containers with an inline filter in between them. The first container is filled with untreated water, and the second container is placed below it. As gravity pulls the water down, it goes through the filter. This process filters impurities, rock, and bacteria, making it safe to drink. What I use for my gravity system can be found in the video below.
Gravity systems are relatively light and easy to use. The process is straightforward and hands-off. They do not require pumps or other mechanical devices to operate, and you can do other things while the system is in action. However, they require regular maintenance, as the filters can become clogged over time. The filters must be regularly cleaned and replaced to maintain efficiency. They can be bought cheaply here.
Furthermore, the gravity system is slow and requires time to set up. Sometimes, there is not enough patience for thirsty backpackers.
Pump System
If you have been walking all day and can no longer hold off the thirst, the pump system can be a faster alternative to iodine tablets and the gravity system. Pump systems are an easy way to ensure that water is no longer the biggest concern of your backpacking trip, so you can finally put that troubling thought away.
The pump system is advanced stuff. It works by drawing water from a source and running it through a series of filters. The first filter typically removes large particulates, such as dirt and sediment. The second filter usually uses charcoal to remove impurities and improve the taste of the water. Finally, the water is passed through a virus-killing UV light before being stored in a clean container. The pump system is essentially an all-in-one mechanical device that can ensure the safest drinking water possible.
Pump systems are very effective at filtering water and can provide clean access to water on backpacking trips. I have 100% confidence that the water I filter through my pump system is healthy, and you should too. However, not every pump system is made of the same quality. Some are cheap and do not come with UV light. Others may have filters with large holes that cannot block small impurities. Therefore, choosing the correct pump system is vital for your health. If you can, splurge on this investment because it will be worth it.
Conclusion
Is hydration that important for backpacking trips? Absolutely! In fact, it might be the most crucial factor to consider when planning your trip. You can only survive a few days without water, so it’s crucial to bring enough with you and know how to treat water sources along the way. Are you ready to hit the trails? Be sure to pack some of these methods for treating water, and you’ll be set for a safe and enjoyable trip.
Originally published at https://tacticalfear.com on April 5, 2022.
